Rate of Decline: Smokers and Nonsmokers Lead Investigator: Raj K. Kalapatapu Institution : Mount Sinai E-Mail : rajkumar.kalapatapu@mssm.edu Proposal ID : 21 Proposal Description: The aim of this study is to compare the yearly performance on neuropsychological measures by elderly smokers and nonsmokers enrolled in the UDS Study at MSSM???s ADRC. In elderly smokers, the literature on smoking and its effect on cognition is inconsistent. Various studies have found no effect, a protective effect, and cognitive decline [1-26]. As this issue has still not been definitively answered, the goal of this article is to contribute to the literature on smoking and cognition. Since neuropsychological measures are one method of monitoring cognition over time, this study will analyze performance on neuropsychological measures by elderly smokers and nonsmokers enrolled in the Uniform Data Set (UDS) Study at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine???s (MSSM) Alzheimer???s Disease Research Center (ADRC).